Harrow.



J. I. HALDIN.

HARROW.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.3, 1914.

Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

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Minassea NITED s JOI-IAN ISAK I-IALDIN, or GARDNER, MASSACHUSETTS.

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Specification of Letters'latent. I

i Patented Apr. 11, 1916.

' Application filed January 3, 1914. Serial No. 810,266.

. particularly totha't classof harrows which include rotatable membersfor loosening or pulveri'zing the soil and for smoothing th surface ofuneven ground. One object of the invention'is to provide an improvedform of rotating member for a harrow, the member being especiallyadapted for penetrating deeply into the soil and for loosening andpulverizing the soil thor oughly. i Another object of the invention isto provide a number of rotatable members for a harrow, the members beingso constructed and arranged as to coeperate in breaking or cutting uplumps of soil which have already been formed. I

-Another object of the invention is to construct the supportingmechanism for the rotatable members in such manner that the relativepositions of the members may be adjusted to give the most desirableresults.-

Other objects and advantages will appear from the followingdescriptiontaken in connection with the accompanying drawings, 1 whichFigure 1 is a side elevation of aharrow constructed in accordance withmy invention; Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the harrow; Fig. 3 is a sideview of one of the rotatable members of the harrow; and Fig. 4 is afront view of a portion of one of the shafts with the rotatable elementssupported thereby, the view being partially in section to showdetails'of construction.

Like reference characters refer to similar parts in the differentfigures.

In the form of the invention shownin thedrawing s, the harrow includes aframe 1 having attached thereto a pair of wheels 2 at opposite sides ofits forward portion and a single wheel 3 at the center of its rear end.Each of the forward wheels 2 is'pivoted to the lower end of a lever 4;which is in turn carried by a pivot 5 extending from a side of the frame1 near its forward end. The levers 4 are maintained in various angularpositions about the pivots 5 by means of i l pawls 6 which are adaptedto engage the teeth of arcuate racks 7 secured in "suitable posltions tothe frame 1. The pawls 6.may

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be disengaged from the racks 7 by means of rods 8 and the leverhandles9, the springs 10 tending to hold the pawls normally inengagement withfthe racks." The wheel? is pivoted between the freeextremities of the two arms of a U-shaped member 11 which isattached tothe out turned lower end of the lever 12 by a pivot 13. The lever 12 isattached to the center of the rear end of the frame 1 by a pivot 14: andis maintained in variousangular positions about this pivot by a pawl 15adapted to engage the teeth of a rack 16. The pawl 15 may be disengagedfrom the rack 16 by a rod 17 and a lever handle 18, a spring 19 tendingto hold the pawl 15 normally in engagement with the rack 16. V i

"A number of transverse shafts 20 are carried by the "frame'l'inbearings, part of each openings so as to prevent relative rotationbetween the disks and shafts. surrounds the shaft betweeneach twoadjacent disks and between each end disk in the adjacent side of theframe, in order to A sleeve 25 space the disks properly upon the shaftsand to support them firmly at right angles to the axe'sjof the shafts;vI

Each disk 24: is formed with a plurality of substantially radiallyarranged teeth 26 and, in order that the harrow may pass smoothly alongthe ground, it is desirable that some of the disks upon each shaft bearranged. with their teeth disposed at different angles from those ofother disks upon the saidshaft, that is, with the teeth of some of thedisks opposite the spaces betweenthe teeth of other disks on the sameshaft. This result is accomplished by twisting the shaft as indicated inFig. 4:.

The purpose ofthewheels 2 and.3,while in the positions shown infFigs. 1and 2, is

to raise the disks 24' out of contact with the ground so that the harrowmay be easily drawn from place to place without injuring the disks orthe surface over which the harrow is passing. When it is desired to usethe harrow for loosening and stirring up the soil, the levers l and 12which carry the wheels 2 and 3 may be depressed about their supportingpivots 5 and 14, thus raising the wheels 2 and 3 sufliciently withrelation to the body of the harrow to clear the surface of thegroundwhile the harrow is being used.

Each of the disks 24: comprises a central body portion from which theteeth 26 radiate. Each teeth 26 converges outwardly and its trailing.edge, as it rotates while passing along the ground, is bentsubstantially at right angles to the; planeof the disk or into a planeparallel with the axis of its shaft.

The outwardly turned edges or wings 27 are bent alternately towardopposite sides of the disk, and each of these wings converges toward itsouter extremity which projectssomewhat beyond the outer extremity of thetooth 26 carrying it. The free edges of each wing 27 which-meet at itsouter extremity are sharpened to form cutting edges as indicated in Fig.2, the bevel of each of these cutting edges being upon the trailingface. of the wing as the disks rotatewhil'e in use.

There are various advantages of the peculiarly shaped and located wings27 of the disks 24, their sharply pointed extremities together with thesharpened edges converging at these extremities permitting the weight ofthe harrow to force these wings deeply into the'ground so as topulverize or loosen up a thick upper layer of the soil. The effect ofthewings 27 in breaking up the soil is increased by thefact that they arelocated substantially in planes ofiset from the axesof their shafts.After each wing 27 has been driven into the soil by the weight of theharrow, its upper portion is forced forwardly by the. motion of theharrow, thus partially loosening the soil, and immediately thereafter itis lifted out of the soil about a fulcrum formed by the succeeding wing27 as it in turn is being driven into. the soil, the. direction in whicheach wing leaves the soil being. at a considerable angle to the plane inwhich it lies. The action of the wings 27 upon the soil is, therefore,somewhat similar to that of an ordinary shovel or spade as it iscommonly used, the tendency being to lift portions of the soil ratherthan to force them to one side.

The shafts 20 which carry the disks 24: are adjustable longitudinally ofthe harrow by changing the positions of the bearing members 21 and 21*,the slots 23' being elongated topermit the bolts 22 to change theirpositi ns for thispurpose The. .24 upon.

adjacent shafts overlap and alternate as shown in Fig. 2, and thepositions of the wings 27 are such that a cutting edge of each wingpasses close to a cutting edge of one or more wings carried by adjacentshafts during the rotation of the disks. In case the soil beingharrowecl is not soft and light, the wings 2.7 are liable to lift lumpsof soil upon their upper faces as they rise from the ground. As thewings carried by all the shafts except the rear one rise, however, theypass close to descending wings supported by adjacent shafts, so that anyoverhanging portions of lumps of soil, supported upon the rising wingsare cut or scraped away and the lumps more: or less thoroughly brokenshafts with their disks longitudinally of the harrow permits the opposedsharpened edges of the wings 27 to be adjusted to and from each other asthey become worn, or as the character of the soil being harrowed varies,the opposed edges of the wings being at an angle to the plane of theirrespective disks to permitv this result.

A cover or casing 28 serves to prevent injury to persons using theharrow and to support a seat 29; At the forward end of the harrow adraft hook is provided by means of which the harrow may be drawn alongthe ground.

While I have shown and described the details of one form of myinvention, I do not wish to be limited tosuch details as changes may bemade without departing from the spirit of the invention; but

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. A harrow including a rotatable disk iaving a flat tooth extendingtherefrom in a plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation, the edges,of the tooth converging toward its free end, and a wing extendingfromone of said edges and in a plane parallel to said axis, the edges ofthe wing converging toward its outer end and extending beyond theouter-end of said tooth.

2. A harrow including a rotatable disk having a series of flat teethextending therefrom in a planeperpendicular to its axis of rotation, anda wing extending from one edge of each tooth, the-wings extendingalternately in opposite directions, the edges of each wing convergingtoward its outer end and extending beyond the outer end of the toothwhich carries it,

3.. A harrow including a pair of teeth rotatably, supported about spacedparallelaxes,

and fiat Wings carried by said teeth in planes being adjustable towardand from each other parallel to their axes of rotation, said Wings tovary the space between the overlapping 10 being extended to rotate inoverlapping portions of the paths of said Wings.

paths and extending toward each other from JOHAN ISAK HALDIN theadjacent faces of said teeth, the adjacent edges of the Wings extendingat acute Witnesses: angles to their axes and being contiguous toPENELOPE CoMBERBAcH, I cut lumps of $011 as they pass, and said axesNELLIE WHALEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe "Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

